Virus of global meltdown has made world to dance over its tunes. In amidst of all this, western countries are resorting to an antivirus called “protectionism” to fight this financial meltdown.
Before going into gist of this post, Lets have brief look on Protectionism:
According to Wikipedia : Protectionism is the economic policy of dampening trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods , restrictive quotas and various other government restrictions aimed at discouraging imports and prevent foreign take over of local markets and companies. In short it is the opposite of free trade and globalization.
History
Being the” super power”, all good and bad things related to world economy are initiated by USA. In one of my earlier post “fight of words: R vs. D” I had mentioned about Hawley –Smoot Tariff, which came into forth during times of great depression of 1930’s. As business were slowing down in order to protect its own industries American government created “Hawley –Smoot Tariff in 1930’s , which meant to charge high import tariffs on imports , this led to deterioration in global trade leading to economic retaliation.
Present situation
Free movement of goods and services across nations was one common link on which all economists since World War II had agreed upon. Current crisis have hiited so hard that western nations: the leaders of globalization and free trade, are spreading a new wave of isolationism.
With Barrack Obama admistration coming with a stimulus package of $ 800 billion which contains a clause “Buy America” has led to agitation among other economies. This “buy American clause which has taken heap all over imposes restrictions on use of non- American material in all public work programmes that will be funded by stimulus package. Similar sort of protectionist policies are also be followed in Britain with government infusing funds in banks to keep them solvent and insisting that funds to be used nationally.
This sort of protectionism will have adverse impact on world trade. For short term countries mite benefit from such measures but in long run this would impede their global competitiveness. Protectionism will increase cost of production and will result in inefficient allocation of resources. End result of such a policy would be only benefit incompetent industries which can’t compete at international level, whereas efficient industries will loose the most out of them.
For instance it mite be the case that, that steel, cement manufacturers may benefit from the “buy American” clause but technology sector which consists of biggies like Microsoft, Intel, Apple, General Electric and so on will take a back seat if in retaliation countries like China, India and other emerging markets who have trade relation with America impose tariffs on goods produced by these companies.
In comparison to 1930’s protectionist policy, present day policy is more discerning. Though in current slowdown fewer tariffs have been raised, but modern protectionism comes with tighter licensing requirements, import bans and anti dumping measures. Rich countries have played clever by introducing discriminatory procurement provisions in their fiscal stimulus bills and offered subsidies to ailing national industries.
International trade has covered a long journey from 1930’s period to current day crisis. And we all believe that world has less to fear from protectionism in present times. Over the period a strong safeguard system in terms of international agreement has been built which maintain tariffs in limit. The global supply chains which have integrated national economies together tightly have made it difficult for government to raise tariffs without harming producers in their own country. However these safeguard systems may fail when there is intense use of anti dumping, use of domestic subsidies and other kinds of swarming protection. Most of the countries are in position to raise tariffs as their applied rates are below maximum allowed by WTO commitments. They may tend to do so on risk of disrupting the global supply chains.
U- Turn of Globalization
It’s a well known fact that slowdown in trade is result of ongoing global recession. Even in earlier slowdowns trade has fallen on account of slowdown in demand , but current downfall in trade is arbitrary i.e. that though trade has fallen in volume , the striking feature is that it has depressed on account of falling prices and stronger dollar.
Most economists argue that tremendous growth in global supply chains is responsible for such fast dropdown in global trade. It means that countries not specialize in final products but in products used in process of production. For e.g. in earlier times truck made in America which had used American steel and parts would enter trade data only it was exported. But now if that truck uses Indian, and processed in other country then slowdown in demand in America would effects its counterparts also.
Therefore in this sense Buy America clause mite turn out to be bust for American economy. For instance if take a look at auto sector. The American government is working hard to provide big stimulus to save its auto industry. However most of these manufacturers have global businesses and to protecting an automobile company in one country would affect its operations in others as well. For e.g. if us government did not provide any rescue package for general motors its worldwide operations, including business that it outsources in India, would be affected.
Therefore the it mite be the case that in era of global supply chains in international trade , this rescue plan of America mite turn out to be another problem for them.
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